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Valuation multiples
8 guides in Finabase Learn
- EV/EBITDA: the capital-structure-neutral valuation multiple Calculate EV/EBITDA and EV/EBIT on Apple’s fiscal 2025 numbers, see why debt doesn’t distort it the way it distorts P/E, and learn where EBITDA misleads.
- EV/Sales ratio: enterprise value to revenue, explained Work out EV/Sales for Apple and its peers, see why it differs from P/S, adjust it for gross margin, and learn when a revenue multiple is the right tool.
- Forward P/E ratio: valuing a stock on expected earnings How forward P/E is built from analyst estimates, NTM versus next-fiscal-year EPS, how far estimates can miss, and what Apple’s 29.3-to-42.0 range teaches.
- Free cash flow yield: formula, benchmarks and shareholder yield Compute free cash flow yield and P/FCF on Apple’s fiscal 2025 numbers, compare it with earnings yield and bond yields, and see how buybacks and dividends add up.
- PEG ratio: adjusting the P/E for earnings growth Calculate the PEG ratio and its dividend-adjusted PEGY version, see why Apple’s PEG is 1.51 or 3.26 depending on the growth rate, and where the rule of thumb fails.
- Price-to-book ratio (P/B): book value, buybacks and ROE How to calculate price-to-book, why Apple’s buybacks push it above 50, when tangible book matters, and where P/B works (banks) and fails (asset-light tech).
- Price-to-earnings ratio (P/E): formula, examples and limits Calculate a P/E ratio and earnings yield from real numbers, see why Apple’s trailing P/E jumps on report days, and learn when the ratio misleads.
- Price-to-sales ratio (P/S): formula, examples and how to read it Calculate the price-to-sales ratio two ways, see why it works for unprofitable companies, link it to margins and P/E, and compare Apple with its peers.
Educational content, not investment advice. Finabase Learn explains how markets and tools work. It does not recommend any security or strategy, and examples are for illustration only. Investing involves risk, including the loss of principal. Rules and figures are for the United States unless stated and can change — check the cited source before you act.